Ultimate Alaska Backpacking Gear

INTRODUCTION

Carrying everything on your back and traversing a wild landscape—linking watersheds, climbing mountain passes, following braided rivers—is an immensely soul-satisfying experience. It leaves a permanent imprint in the mind and the heart. In few places is this more powerful than here in Alaska, one of the only locations in the world where "real wilderness" still exists. 

This four-part series aims to curate the current best available tools for lightweight human-powered landscape crossings in Alaska. My recommendations are informed by a wide variety of types of wilderness travel (e.g. backpacking, packrafting, mountaineering, skiing, high altitude alpinism, etc.) and a strong eight-year track record with product testing. Patagonia’s Manager of Advanced Research and Development recently told me, “I must say that you have a grasp of the performance principals and materials that can influence performance that most gear reviewers or athletes do not possess.”

View from a campsite in Wrangell-St. Elias National, Park,  part of the world's largest protected land area.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. What Makes Something an Ultimate Choice?
2. Explanations of Categories
3.  Summary Spreadsheet
4. Clothing
5. Equipment
6. Accessories

1. WHAT MAKES SOMETHING AN ULTIMATE CHOICE?

The products described below offer the highest value for Alaska’s environment and climate, spring through fall, across the entire state. Most of the items mentioned here perform well in winter, too. I define value as performance, craftsmanship, and beauty. These are durable, multi-function, repairable tools. They retain their value over time and can easily be sold to others.

2. CATEGORIES

The products listed in this series of posts have been divided into four categories:

Highly recommended - Best-in-class performance for the Alaskan environment and climate. 

Recommended - These items can increase comfort, convenience, and safety. To go ultralight, don't bring some or all of these.

Optional - Unnecessary items that can further increase comfort and/or happiness.

Substitute - Though not as versatile, these products can perform better than the Ultimate Choices for specific applications.

3. SUMMARY SPREADSHEET

4. CLOTHING

LONG SLEEVE SHIRT - HIGHLY RECOMMENDED

Patagonia Airshed

This is the single piece of outdoor gear that I use most often, year-round! After the incredible Grade VII Parka, which is a sophisticated work of art, this is my favorite Patagonia product. It is incredibly comfortable for a wide range of activities and conditions. I use it every time I go into the mountains. Here’s how: In the winter, I wear the Airshed as a baselayer. The moderately air permeable fabric (67 cubic feet per minute) makes it astonishingly comfortable and versatile. The fabric is breathable enough for high output activities in cold weather and it blocks moderate winds and sheds snow like a windshell. It dries much faster than traditional synthetic and wool baselayers. Also, mosquitos cannot bite through the fabric. (I place it over my face when I’m using a shelter without bug protection and there are more bugs than I expect.) As for features: this shirt has a deep chest zipper that dumps heat and moisture vapor. It also has a chest pocket! I have been told that this fabric is more expensive than some three-layer waterproof breathable fabrics. If you were to try one product from the items I share here, I’d recommended this superb do-everything shirt. 3.7 oz in men’s medium and $119. See it on Patagonia’s website. 

Skiing the Eklutna traverse in the Western Chugach mountains wearing the Patagonia Airshed shirt, one of my favorite pieces of outdoor clothing ever.

BUG SHIRT - USE THE AIRSHED!

Many Alaskan backpackers carry dedicated bug shirts made of a tightly woven synthetic fabric. These are expensive—around $100—have sloppy cargo pockets, bulky snap closures, and even vents in the back. The Patagonia Airshed provides the same bug-proof properties while being lighter, more comfortable, and faster to dry. 

T-SHIRT - RECOMMENDED

I dislike wool t-shirts because they become saturated with sweat, don’t dry as fast as polyester, and are fragile. I have found that I’m more comfortable with a lightweight synthetic shirt. I’ve also found that synthetic materials are more durable. The only time I prefer a wool shirt is for winter expeditions where I am unlikely to get wet, won’t get too hot and sweaty, and won’t encounter anything abrasive. Consider something like the Patagonia Lightweight Capilene. 3.5 oz and $49.

Everyone on this education-pace 22-day trip in July carried t-shirts. 

INSULATED JACKET #1

Patagonia Nano-Air Light Hybrid Hoody - Highly Recommended

This is the most comfortable insulated jacket I have ever used. I usually wear it over the Airshed. If it's cold and windy, however, I’ll take this off and put the Airshed on over the top for increased wind protection. (Wearing this against my skin.) The Nano Air Light Hybrid Hoody is remarkably stretchy, highly breathable, dries fast, and the hood can quickly add a great deal of warmth. The hood is also bug-proof, which I appreciate when sleeping without bug protection in a quilt sleeping bag. Over the last year, this jacket has become my most-used insulated jacket. 11.6 oz and $249. See it at Patagonia.com

Patagonia Nano-Air Light Hybrid Hoody worn on top of the Patagonia Airshed. I bring these two layers on every trip, year-round. 

INSULATED JACKET #2

Patagonia Nano-Air Light Hoody - Highly Recommended
I prefer to layer the Patagonia Nano Air Light Hoody on top of the Nano Air Light Hybrid Hoody. This combination of an ultralight softshell baselayer (Airshed) with two active insulation jackets is more comfortable to use in motion and dries out faster than a synthetic insulated jacket with a low air permeable fabric. Gram counting ultralight hikers in other climates may be shaking their heads at the thought of carrying 22 oz of insulating jackets. But this setup performs exceptionally well in cold, wet weather and also in the winter. If the wind is hammering and I'm working hard, I wear the Airshed on top of one or both jackets for increased wind protection. Then I add a waterproof shell to completely block the wind. This layering system will work well anywhere on the planet. 10.6 oz and $249.

Three of us wore Patagonia Nano Air Light jackets on an attempt to traverse Mt. Logan via the east ridge. This jacket works marvelously in cold dry weather pictured here and also for cold, wet conditions common during the Alaskan summer. 

DOWN INSULATED JACKET - SUBSTITUTE

Feathered Friends Eos

Most lightweight down jackets are a poor value because they are not warm and they have fragile fabrics. The Feathered Friends Eos does not suffer from either of those limitations. It balances warmth, low weight, and durability to create a best-in-class jacket that performs well and lasts a long time. I have been using the Eos since it came out in Spring 2016. It is significantly warmer than ultralight down jackets (e.g. Mountain Hardwear Ghost Whisperer) that weigh a few ounces less. Highly recommended for when the sun is shining. Also, if American Made matters to you, the Eos is handcrafted in Seattle. 10 oz and $309. See it a Feathered Friends

Feathered Friends Eos down jacket on a summer night near the Kennicott Glacier.

WINDPROOF SYNTHETIC INSULATED JACKET - SUBSTITUTE

Nunatak Skaha Apex

This is my favorite windproof synthetic insulated jacket for mostly stationary use. It offers the highest warmth to weight ratio of all synthetic insulated jacket. Also, it is the only synthetic jacket I know of that can be custom made to fit your body, and you can choose the fabrics and insulation that best match your needs. Read my extensive BackpackingLight review to learn more. 9.9 oz and $240 as I configured mine.

Nunatak Skaha Apex on a skiing-packrafting expedition in Denali National Park.

RAIN JACKET - HIGHLY RECOMMENDED

Patagonia Storm Racer

The fabric in the revised Storm Racer and the M10 are identical. Patagonia developed their own waterproof breathable membrane and an ultralight face fabric that’s significantly lighter than most competitors. I have used the M10 for dozens of climbing and backcountry ski days and over 1000 miles of wilderness travel. In all of that use, I have only made two small repairs. The M10 is helmet compatible—get it if you wear climbing or ski helmets. Otherwise, the Storm Racer will serve you better. Both jackets are outstanding and it’s remarkable the Storm Racer costs $129 less than the M10! Only 6 oz and $249. See it at Patagonia.com 

A note about ultralight rain jackets from cottage manufacturers: there has been a lot of hype for waterproof breathable Dyneema fabrics, such as is used on the Shell (6 oz and $450), made by Hyperlite Mountain Gear. I have used earlier versions of these and been sorely disappointed by their lack of comfort, poor durability, and trash bag aesthetics. Based on what I have heard from Hyperlite Ambassadors and other testers, I am confident either the Storm Racer or M10 are the best choice for Alaska due to their increased durability.

My 71-year-old uncle backpacking in Denali National Park this past summer.

HEADBAND - RECOMMENDED

Arcteryx Phase AR

This headband has become one of my favorite layers. It adds a remarkable amount of warmth and weighs less than one ounce. When I am not wearing it on my head, I often drop it down around my neck. It compresses so small that it can fit in the Airshed pocket along with my phone or camera. 0.7 oz and $25. See it here  

HEADNET - OPTIONAL

This can be essential for spring and early summer trips in the Arctic and other places with abundant insect habitat, such as the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta. I do not carry a headnet in Southcentral or Southeast Alaska. Unfortunately, the model I own, from Peters, is no longer in production. Several mainstream brands offer products that I’m not qualified to comment on.

GLOVES - HIGHLY RECOMMENDED

Showa 282

Waterproof gloves are essential for wilderness travel in Alaska, even in the summer. For six years, I used the Outdoor Research Mount Baker Mitt, which costs $150 and the outer shell weighs 5.6 oz in size large. The main problem with traditional “high tech” waterproof breathable fabrics, such as those used in the Mt. Baker Mitt, is durability. They are rarely durable enough for serious brush. The other problem is breathability. Once the face fabric wets out, they are not breathable. I started using the Showa 282 insulated gloves in the summer of 2017 and have not used another glove since. Ice climbing, alpine climbing, hiking, packrafting in the rain, biking to work, changing my car' studded tires in the winter—everything. These gloves have industrial durability, only weigh 4.2 oz in size XL, have enough insulation to keep my hands warm during active pursuits year-round, and only cost $20. My only complaint is they smelled like cancer and felt itchy against my skin for the first few months of use. I recommend buying them now and letting them off-gas for a while before using them. They run a size small so go up one size. See them at Amazon.com 

The Showa 282 is the only glove I have used for the last 16 months, including all winter. I find it to be far superior to high-end waterproof breathable gloves due to its durability and legitimate waterproof material. When I stop moving in the depth of winter, I put on toasty mittens with high-loft synthetic insulation.

FOOTWEAR

Backpacking is walking, an activity which depends entirely upon the function of your feet. I have found that footwear is the single most important piece of equipment to get right. I recommend visiting several stores to try on lots of shoes before making a decision. The ideal type of footwear depends on how rugged the terrain is, the precision and agility of your footwork, the strength of your feet, and the weight of your pack. Trail running shoes perform best for the majority of backpacking. Hiking or mountaineering boots are ideal for extended time in steep, rocky terrain with a heavy pack. The best make and model for you will depend on what fits your feet. Here’s what works well for me:

Protection Trail Running Shoe - Highly Recommended

There is great beauty and efficiency in knowing your equipment intimately, particularly footwear. I am on my sixth or perhaps the seventh pair of La Sportiva Ultra Raptors. I have used these shoes so much and in such a wide variety of terrain that I know when they will and will not stick to rock, tundra, wet grass on a 30-degree slope, and compressed “concrete” of lateral moraines. The Ultra Raptor has a burly rock guard, lots of cushion for long days spent rock hopping and ample toe protection. I have worn these shoes in rough terrain with a 50 lb. pack, which is their upper limit for me. My main complaint is, like almost all shoes that are comfortable for walking, they perform poorly for steep sidehilling, edging, and for fifth-class climbing. Though they are a touch too wide for my narrow feet, their ample protection keeps my feet in good condition, unlike lighter trail shoes. 24 oz and $130.

La Sportiva Ultra Raptor shoes skipping through tussocks and ponds in the arctic. 

I have experimented with normal trail running shoes, such as the Arcteryx Norvan LD pictured here, and prefer a more protective shoe like the Ultra Raptor for most trips.

Lightweight Trail Running Shoe - Substitute

With a light pack in more technical terrain, I love the Arcteryx Norvan VT shoe. This has been a dream come true for me because it combines sticky rubber with a tight lacing system that extends all the way to the toe. It fits like a glove on my narrow foot and gives me far more precision and confidence on rock and steep sidehilling. After a year of experimentation, I now choose to use this shoe for technical hiking and scrambling with a pack that weighs less than 30 lb. 22 oz and $170.

The lacing system and sticky rubber on the Arcteryx Norvan VT shoe make it incredible for technical terrain. Durability is lacking, however,

Boots - Substitute

In rocky mountaineering type terrain with a pack over 50 lb it can be useful to wear boots that offer more protection than trail running shoes. I do not own a pair of traditional hiking boots. For the few times each year I need more protection than a shoe, I use my rigid sole mountaineering boots, which I do not recommend to you. If you are confident that you need a boot, I recommend something like the La Sportiva Trango Tech. That is a lightweight mountain boot with a flexible sole. 

ORTHOTICS - OPTIONAL

I have found custom orthotics to be invaluable for my flat feet. I have two pairs. One is a low-profile model that fits perfectly in my climbing and backcountry ski boots. The other has a thick plastic center component that runs beneath the ball of the foot to the heel and provides a lot of support and protection. Custom orthotics are available from a podiatrist and cost around $300.

Unless I'm carrying a heavy pack (> 40 lb) through extended rugged terrain like this boulder field, I prefer protection trail running shoes to boots. Here, Maresa scrambles through the Talkeetna Mountains en route to the Mountaineering Club of Alaska's new Holden Hut. 

GAITERS - RECOMMENDED

Montbell Stretch Short Spats

The BackpackingLight Ultralight Gaiter State of the Market Report is an excellent resource that summarizes what to look for in a hiking gaiter. The goal of a hiking gaiter is not to be waterproof—you can expect your feet to be wet all the time—but to keep debris out of your shoes. I have had great results with the top recommendation from that article, the Montbell Stretch Short Spats. It stays in place well, even in deep snow, and has proven to be durable. Last summer, I wore through the elastic part of the bottom strap on rock glaciers in the Wrangells. I repaired it in the field with some extra guyline from our shelter and made a permanent repair with elastic cord inserted into purple tubular webbing. Alternatively, Montbell sells a 0.3 oz “Dura Strap” for $3. To be clear, I do not recommend carrying a replacement strap. Static cord works great as a temporary repair. 2.1 oz and $35 at the Montbell site 

Behold the mud-busting protection of the Montbell Stretch Short Spats gaiter! Shown here while looking at the north side of Denali from above the Muldow glacier.

HIKING PANT

NOLS Pant - Highly Recommended

I purchased my first pair of NOLS pants in 2006 at the start of a Semester in Patagonia course. They lasted nearly a decade. These are the only comfortable pants I know of that can withstand extended exposure to serious brush, dry fast, and are reasonably light. They are superior to traditional “hiking pants” in every way except aesthetics. The legs are intentionally baggy so you can slip them off over your footwear. The fabric contains no elastane and is therefore difficult to snag and tear—a critical feature for long-term durability. The side zips allow you to quickly take the pants on and off without untying your shoes or boots. The 1000-denier reinforced knees protect my legs against brush and devil’s club. The 1000-denier reinforced butt endures sitting and sliding on rocks. There’s a moderately functional side pocket for lightweight items like a snack, lighter, or maps. A simple drawstring makes them nearly effortless to put on and take off. Overall, this pair of pants performs exceptionally well for traveling or living in the backcountry. 9.8 oz and $62. Available from NOLS 

NOLS pant on the Root Glacier, Wrangell St. Elias National Park. These are my favorite pants for wilderness travel.

That glorious feeling of taking off your wet shoes at the end of the day. Also pictured here: NOLS pants.

Patagonia Houdini Pant - Substitute

The only alternative to the NOLS pant that I believe to be worthy of considering for a non-waterproof pant is the Patagonia Houdini. I recommend the Houdini pant for trips where the probability of the pant failing is low or when the consequence of failure is low. The Houdini pants are incredibly light and comfortable. I much prefer their fit, feel, and looks to the NOLS Pant. After crossing a river, they dry in a handful of minutes in the sun. Unfortunately, once the fabric has seen a good amount of use, it is no longer as strong and can tear catastrophically. Bring a sewing kit if you use these for a multi-week trip. I have sent two pairs back to Patagonia for a permanent repair before they died completely and I bought a new pair. 3.4 oz and $99. See it at Patagonia.com Note, I heard from Patagonia customer service that the company is in the process of releasing a slight revision to this pant. The new version will be available February 2018.

The Patagonia Houdini Pant is the most comfortable hiking pant I've used. Unfortunately, it is not tough enough for extended trips with lots of brush. Here, Sarah used these pants for one summer in Alaska before finishing them off on a four-day trip walking down the Escalante River. 

RAIN PANT - HIGHLY RECOMMENDED

Arcteryx Beta SL

I have experimented with ultralight rain pants and no longer use them because they do not remain waterproof for long. The best rain pant with the durability needed for this environment is the Arcteryx Beta SL. Last year, I used these for nine weeks off-trail in Southeast Alaska and Wrangell-St. Elias National Park. Since then, I have discovered that they work well in deep snow—so much so that I choose these over my go-to durable climbing and skiing pants (Arcteryx Alpha SV Bib) for climbing trips where I need a waterproof pant and saving weight is important. Noteworthy features include calf-length watertight zippers for ease on and off while wearing shoes or boots and a low-profile waistband. 9.2 oz and $199.

SHORTS - OPTIONAL

In the warmer summer months, I sometimes wear running shorts underneath my wind pants. When I get hot, I take the pants off. I don’t have enough experience comparing a variety of running shorts to recommend a single best product. The main attributes that are important to me are a low-profile waist area for comfort under a hipbelt and a soft, built-in brief. Consider the Patagonia Strider Pro. 3.9 oz and $65.

River crossing during the Alaska Wrangell Mountains Field Study program.

THERMAL BOTTOMS - HIGHLY RECOMMENDED

Patagonia Capilene Thermal

I've tried a variety of long underwear bottoms and always return to the Capilene Thermal because they are the warmest for their weight, highly breathable, and comfortable. The Arcteryx Phase SL is an ounce lighter, dries faster, and feels sportier with its skin-tight grip. But, for me, the extra warmth of the Capilene Thermal is well worth the additional ounce. On most trips, I bring two pairs of these. I wear one pair for walking if it’s cold and/or rainy. I only use the other pair for sleeping. Thus, in the morning, after a restful night spent warm and dry, I'll put on soaking-wet travel clothes.

3.8 oz and $89. See it at Patagonia.com 

UNDERWEAR - HIGHLY RECOMMENDED

Arcteryx Phase SL

I have been impressed with the men’s Arcteryx Phase SL underwear and have heard high praise from ladies about the Phase SL bra and undies. The fabric is light, highly air permeable, and comfortable. Most importantly, Arcteryx aces the design and patterning. See the Phase SL collection here.

VAPOR BARRIER SOCK - OPTIONAL

The most effective way to significantly increase the warmth of my feet during cold weather trips is to wear a vapor barrier sock over another sock. In this genre, the Rap VB Sock is the best commercial model I’ve used. (I remove the top drawcord.) On cold three-season hiking and mountaineering trips where I may need the warmth of a vapor barrier sock, but not enough to warrant bringing the Rab socks, I insert my feet into U-Line plastic bags after I eat their contents. Using these bags as a vapor barrier sock is astonishingly comfortable and doesn’t require bringing anything extra. An example of a trip where we needed vapor barrier socks and relied on U-Line bags was the 2017 Baranof Island Traverse.

Long days slogging through snow in cooler weather and/or rain can be made more comfortable with vapor barrier socks. Here, John and I turned to our U-Line food bags, which added a waterproof, air impermeable barrier above our socks. 

Leif Muse walks among icebergs in the recently-drained Hidden Lake, Wrangell St. Elias National Park.

5. EQUIPMENT

TREKKING POLES - HIGHLY RECOMMENDED

Black Diamond Alpine Carbon Cork 

Versatile. Durable. Repeat. These poles can do everything and they are hard to break. They even collapse small for air travel or for strapping to the outside of your pack. This is one of the few outdoor products where most experts agree; the Alpine Carbon Cork is the best in its class. 17 oz and $169. See it.

Why are trekking poles “highly recommended” instead of “optional?” Because, in a trail-less wilderness, they reduce effort and increase safety by a large margin. For example, they make creek crossings, balancing on fallen trees, boulder hopping, steep and slippery sidehilling easier. Similar to the difference between two and four-wheel drive. As for safety, they significantly reduce risk during river crossings and more generally through reducing the probability of falling in challenging terrain. 

Crossing the Matanuska River just below the Matanuska Glacier terminus. Brrrr!!!

SLEEPING PAD - HIGHLY RECOMMENDED

Therma-Rest NeoAir XLite

I have been using this pad since Fall 2011. It is the gold standard for a light, comfortable pad that’s warm enough to sleep on snow, ice, and cold soil underlain with permafrost. The pad is also impressively durable. I have both the Regular and Short size and use the Regular 90% of the time because I sleep better. 12 oz and $170 for size Regular. See it at REI.com 

Therm-a-Rest Neo Air XLite sleeping pad in the Tongass National Forest.

SLEEPING BAG - HIGHLY RECOMMENDED

Katabatic Gear Grenadier 5 

Unlike most “15-degree” sleeping bags, this bag is truly warm enough for use below freezing. And it only weighs two pounds! The adjustable girth hugs your body to eliminate dead air space and can be expanded to accommodate a puffy insulated parka and pants for cold winter use. Katabatic Gear is the only quilt manufacturer I know of with a design that effectively prevents air transfer when I’m sleeping on my side. Also, I find quilts to be more comfortable than mummy bags because I can turn over inside the bag, rather than with the bag. Further, as with all quilts, laying directly on the sleeping pad makes this bag last longer than traditional mummies, where you crush the down insulation. How about keeping your head warm? I wear the Nano Air Light Hybrid Hoody when it’s cold out and add another insulated jacket or a down hood (consider the Nunatak Down Hood) when it’s below freezing. This bag weighs 30 oz and costs $550. See it on the Katabatic Gear website. 

Katabatic Gear Grenadier 5 sleeping bag. Credit: Katabatic Gear 

Feathered Friends Lark UL 10

I have used somewhere around 40 three-season mummy sleeping bags. The Lark UL 10 offers the highest warmth to weight ratio. It is by far the best in its class, significantly warmer than the sleeping bags Patagonia released in 2017. Excluding that it is made in Seattle with the highest quality down and fabrics, the primary factor that sets this bag apart from the competition is the hood design. The Lark has a huge adjustable neck baffle that seals in warm air. Both the neck baffle and hood close securely with snaps, rather than Velcro, which is used by Western Mountaineering and is not as secure or easy to use. If you prefer a mummy bag to a quilt, I recommend the Lark UL 10. It keeps me toasty warm spring through fall. 31.3 oz and $559. 

Also consider the Lark YF 10, which weighs 1.7 ounces more (33 oz total) and costs $70 less ($489) than the UL 10.  See both Lark bags at FeatheredFriends.com

Reading in the Feathered Friends Lark UL 10 sleeping bag, Talkeetna Mountains. 

ZPacks Twin Quilt 5

Two-person sleeping bags are warmer, lighter and can be more comfortable than individual bags. I own three two-person sleeping bags and the ZPacks Twin Quilt 5 is my favorite for lightweight trips. I have the version that was released in 2015, which is warm enough down to around 20 ish degrees Fahrenheit. The current model, released in 2017, has a beneficial addition: a “neck pillow” that insulates the area between you and your companion’s shoulders. The 5-degree Twin Quilt weighs 37 oz and costs $629. Compared to buying two Katabatic quilts, you save 23 oz and $471. See it at ZPacks.com. 

Also, when using a double sleeping bag, it’s nice to strap two similar sleeping pads together to form a single, continuous mattress. I use ZPacks Pad Straps most of the time. On trips where saving weight and time are important, I tape both pads together with at least three 24” strips of Tyvek Tape on each side of the pads. Tape is lighter, eliminates fussing with straps in the morning and evening, and stays in place for about a month of everyday use.

Dan and I slept out under the stars in the ZPacks Twin Quilt 5. Denali National Park.

Nunatak Gamut

In extremely wet conditions, such as Alaska’s southeastern and southcentral temperate rainforest (Prince William Sound and south), a synthetic insulated sleeping bag can be essential. I have found that it is imperative when using a square tarp in the temperate rainforest because dense fog can envelop the shelter, causing it to slowly "rain" under the tarp. Everything gets soaked! (This happens significantly less with a pyramid shelter.) On trips when I need a synthetic insulated sleeping bag, I use the Nunatak Gamut quilt. Several companies make similar models. I prefer this for two reasons: it has an ultralight fabric (0.67 oz/yd) and can be made with a closed footbox, which is warmer and lighter than the typical open footbox. I choose the 35-degree Climashield Apex insulation. 24 oz and $220. Available from Nunatak.

Nunatak Gamut synthetic insulated quilt sleeping bag (orange) in the soaking wet fog of Southeast Alaska.

SHELTER

Hyperlite Mountain Gear UltaMid 4 - Highly Recommended

This is my most-used shelter. If I were to have one tent, I’d choose this. See my long-term review to learn why I think it's the best all-purpose ultralight shelter on the market. I rarely use dedicated bug protection. When I do, I bring the Hyperlite floorless bug insert, which weighs 16.7 oz. This gigantic shelter weighs 24 oz and costs $865.

Hyperlite Mountain Gear UltaMid 4 in the Brooks Range.

Hyperlite Mountain Gear Square Tarp - Substitute

Occasionally, when a trip is going to be especially physically challenging for me, I'll bring this tarp. However, there is a significant tradeoff between weight savings and weather protection. I have used this tarp for several trips where its lack of protection was not worth the weight savings. For example, in order to avoid sleeping on a snowy, windy ridge where a pyramid would have worked well, I descended three thousand feet into a valley and regained that elevation the next day. Even down in that valley, we pitched the tarp in “storm mode” (two feet off the ground) which is only slightly more comfortable than a bivy sack. The key point here is: I only use this tarp if the trip will be especially challenging for me and the terrain will allow sufficient wind protection. Why this particular model? I have used Dyneema Composite Fabric flat tarps from ZPacks and Mountain Laurel Designs and prefer the Hyperlite model because of its excellent construction quality and aesthetics. I remove all of the stock guylines and linelocs so that I can attach longer 2mm Dyneema cord to save weight. 9.5 oz with lines and $355. See it on Hyperlite’s website.

Hyperlite Mountain Gear Square Flat Tarp pitched in "storm mode" on a windy, rainy night on Baranof Island, Southeast Alaska.

Mountain Laurel Designs DuoMid - Substitute

After several ultralight exposed ridgeline trips where — even with extensive route planning—a flat tarp was inadequate, I bought a Dyneema Composite Fabric DuoMid. The intention was to have the ideal tool for two specific trips. However, I’ve barely used this shelter because the UltaMid 4 only weighs 6 oz more. That’s the weight of a few energy bars. I almost always find the increased comfort of the UltaMid to be worthwhile. 17.7 oz and $440. Available from Mountain Laurel Designs.

Mountain Laurel Designs DuoMid Dyneema Composite Fabric in the Chugach Mountains. 

STAKES - RECOMMENDED

8” Easton Nano Nail

Some people don’t carry stakes. They prefer instead to anchor their shelter to rocks and logs. I have done this for a three-month expedition in Patagonia and on some Alaska trips. However, I prefer to carry the extra weight of stakes because it often significantly reduces the amount of effort required to pitch a shelter. For example, I don’t need to choose a campsite with access to rocks or logs—I can camp anywhere. Regarding which stake to use, I prefer the 8” Easton Nano Nail, which has an excellent combination of holding power and durability. They work well in everything from deep, mossy tundra to hard-packed glacial moraine. Both the tip and end cap are strong enough to withstand daily pounding into hard soils with a rock. I carry eight of these stakes on most trips. They weigh 0.4 oz each. With guyline loops at the top and a stuff sack, eight stakes weigh around 4 oz. Mountain Laurel Designs sells the stakes individually with guyline. If you buy six or more, they include a stuff sack for free. See the stakes at Mountain Laurel Designs.com

GROUNDCLOTH - RECOMMENDED

Gossamer Gear Large Polycro 

This groundsheet weighs 3.7 oz, works well, and only costs $9. My only complaint is it does not last for long trips. If you are doing a remote trip longer than a month, consider a 52” by 90” ZPacks Flat Groundsheet, which weighs 4 oz, costs $99, and is tough enough to last for years. 

Shaking out the Gossamer Gear Polycro groundsheet. 

BACKPACK - MANDATORY!

Hyperlite Mountain Gear 4400 Porter

This is my favorite backpack for carrying up to 45 lb. It is large enough for packrafting or a two-week winter mountaineering trip. I have a custom model with the bottom and sides that are made with woven Dyneema for long-term durability—intended for mountaineering and for carrying skis. Most of the time, I attach the 4 oz Hyperlite Stuff Pocket to the outside for easy access to food, water, and clothing. If you don’t have any intention of carrying skis or ice tools on the outside, you are likely better off with the Windrider, which has two side pockets. Read my long-term comparative review here to compare all Hyperlite backpacks.

Skiing out of the Alaska Range with a packraft inside the Hyperlite Moutain Gear Porter backpack. Denali National Park.

ZPacks Nero

This pack is small and light. I have used it and its predecessor for two of the most physically challenging trips of my life. It carries 20 lb comfortably. If you want to strap a rope or a packraft on top for a day or two, or start out with lots of food, the pack can manage 30 lb. I am always excited to be using this pack because it is a true pleasure to be carrying so little weight! 11 oz and $200. Available from ZPacks.com

Going fast and light through the mucky mud with the ZPacks Nero pack. Tongass National Forest.

Seek Outside Unaweep 6300

This pack is truly comfortable for heavy loads, is lightweight for its capacity and comfort, has excellent side pockets, and the frame can adjust to fit any torso size. I swap from the 4400 Hyperlite to the 6300 Unaweep anytime I’m carrying a big or heavy load. 56 oz and $470. See it at Seek Outside.com

The Seek Outside Unaweep 6300 is "an ultralight load monster." No other pack can match its comfort while carrying big loads. 

SPOON - HIGHLY RECOMMENDED

GSI Table Spoon

I cut part of the handle off this spoon to make it easier to pack into pots and pockets. I like to use it at lunches to eat sardines. I also add a strip of orange duct tape to the top of the handle to make it easy to locate. (Once, at 14,000 ft camp on Denali’s West Buttress I left our spoons out and it snowed four feet overnight. We spent most of the next day excavating camp and searching for the spoons.) This beautiful little spoon weighs 0.5 oz and only costs $0.75 at REI. 

The $0.75 GSI Tablespoon only weighs 0.5 oz. I cut the handle down some for easier packing into small spaces. I also add a piece of orange duct tape to the end of the handle for higher visibility. 

STOVE

MSR Pocket Rocket 2 - Highly Recommended 

For most applications, the Pocket Rocket strikes a good balance between the inherent tradeoffs common to all lightweight backcountry stoves. Its main limitations are instability and vulnerability to wind. According to MSR, a 5 MPH wind can cause as much as three times more fuel use in a given cooking period. I frequently erect a windshield with one or two backpacks. Sometimes, to save weight, I’ll cook dinner over a fire and use the stove in the morning to make hot drinks. 2.6 oz and $45. See it. 

Using a canister stove system and comparing Nunatak and Mountain Laurel Designs synthetic insulated sleeping bags.

1.7L MSR Reactor - Substitute

For winter use, when extensive snow melting is necessary, and for long summer trips where increased efficiency is worthwhile, the MSR Reactor is the ultimate stove. MSR claims this stove is nearly 30% more efficient than the Pocket Rocket 2. That’s without wind! If I were to have one stove to do everything, I’d choose the 1.7L Reactor. I have used this stove at -37 F, for high-altitude alpinism, and also on a five-week traverse of the Brooks Range. It is easy to use, fast, efficient, and highly durable. I have been using the same pot and burner since 2010. I have replaced the lid. On lightweight summer trips, I remove the lid (using a bowl as a lid substitute) and I remove the handle (replacing it with a loop of cord). Those modifications reduce the total weight to 14.9 oz. $240. See it.

1.7L MSR Reactor stove used with a bowl as the lid and with a loop of cord to replace the handle. One of these 16 oz fuel canisters will last more than two weeks when boiling 1.5L of water twice a day in the summer.

1.7L MSR Reactor stove at approximately 13,500 ft on the south face of Denali.  If I were to have one stove, I'd chose this one because it is efficient, works well year-round, and can be paired with three different size pots.

Trail Designs Sidewinder Tri-Ti - Substitute 

This stove has emerged as the leading alcohol stove system, due to its wind resistance, stability, and efficiency. It is my favorite stove for going fast and light with two people when we boil water only for dinner. My favorite part about the Sidewinder is its whisper-quiet flame, a welcome change from the roar of the Pocket Rocket. The burner, windscreen, Tyvek case, and measuring cup weigh a total of 2.3 oz. With one boil per day, it is lighter than using the Pocket Rocket with canister fuel for trips up to approximately seven days. The stove’s windscreen is made specifically to fit your pot. I prefer the 1.3L Evernew pot described below. The Sidewinder and burner fit inside the pot. I pack around 1.0 oz of alcohol per day which boils a full pot of cold water. 2.3 oz and $79. See it at TrailDesigns.com

Couscous and edible flowers for dinner!

POT

MSR Big Titan Kettle - Highly Recommended 

This pot is light, tough, has enough capacity to cook a big meal for two ravenous people. This is my favorite pot for use with the Pocket Rocket stove. It's pictured in the fourth photo above. 6.4 oz and $99. See it.

Evernew 1.3L Ultralight - Substitute

This pot is a perennial favorite among lightweight hikers due to its low weight, ability to feed two people, and sufficient durability. I have used it with a wide variety of stoves and cooked with it on top of open fires. (The rubber covers on the handles melt; it’s best to remove them.) My only complaint is that it is not large enough to feed two ravenous people. The size works when my adventure partner and I are eating a smaller hot dinner supplemented with cold snacks, when I’m less hungry, or when I’m traveling with someone who doesn’t eat as much as I do. Generally, I prefer a larger pot. I mostly use this pot with the Trail Designs stove. 4.6 oz or 4.0 oz without the handles. $69. See it here.

Accessories are small items such as a water bottle, sunglasses, camera and notepad. Here, students in the Alaska Wrangell Mountains field Study program stop to snap photos of an old moulin on the Kusklana Glacier.

6. ACCESSORIES

WATER BOTTLE - HIGHLY RECOMMENDED 

Platypus 2L Platy Bottle - Highly Recommended 

This reservoir carries 2.5L, weighs only 1.2 oz, and is durable enough to last for about two years. I bring one and no other water bottles. The caps are not attached, but I have never lost one, even in extensive winter use. I prefer this bottle to the Hydraflask Seeker 3L because its diameter is wider and therefore easier to pack. $13. See it here. 

Drinking from the Platypus 2L Platy Bottle in July.

Drinking from the Platypus 2L Platy Bottle in May.

SUNGLASSES - HIGHLY RECOMMENDED

The two key attributes I look for in sunglasses are photochromic lenses and sufficient ventilation to prevent the lenses from fogging. Consider a Julbo model that uses their Zebra lens. 

SUN HAT OR VISOR - RECOMMENDED

A visor protects from sun and rain. I use an el cheapo cotton/plastic visor that I got in Siberia a decade ago and have since developed a strong attachment to. That weighs 2.2 oz. Arcteryx makes some great looking hats and visors that weigh half has much and are fashioned from high performance materials. 

Sunglasses, visor, camera, and a shoulder pocket--all accessories that make life more comfortable.

PLASTIC FOOD BAGS - RECOMMENDED 

U-Line 9” x 12” 2 mil Industrial

This is the standard bag used by outdoor institutions and guide services. It is far more durable than a ZipLoc and does not tear apart at the seams in cold weather. They also double as vapor barrier socks! Reusable—wash them after a trip. The classic mistake by new users users is to tie the overhand knot too tight. Use a loose overhand knot for ease when opening. $37 for 1000 bags. Available at uline.com 

ULine industrial plastic bags, pictured here, are more durable than standard ZipLoc bags. They can easily be washed and used again. 1000 bags cost $37.

RISK KIT - RECOMMENDED

I pack a first aid kit, repair kit, and emergency communication device into one stuff sack that I call a “risk kit.” 

Components of my Risk Kit: satellite communication and backup GPS navigation device, first aid kit (bottom center), and a repair kit (bottom right).

EMERGENCY COMMUNICATION - RECOMMENDED 

Garmin InReach Explorer+

I coordinated a high-altitude rescue that saved my friend’s life using this device.  I prefer the larger and heavier InReach Explorer+ to the InReach Mini because it has preloaded topomaps for the entire United States and serves as backup GPS navigation. This is 100% reliable, even more so than a satellite phone. If my cell phone dies and I can’t navigate with Gaia, I know I will be able to navigate in a whiteout or dense fog/clouds with the GPS and large screen built into the InReach Explorer+. I tie the device to a loop of cord that hangs from my neck for accessible, waterproof navigation. Also, the large capacity battery can last more than a month with regular messaging and some navigation. The reduced weight (4 oz less) and smaller size of the InReach Mini make it the obvious choice for activities that don’t benefit from backup navigation (e.g. hiking in trails and alpine climbing). I prefer the increased capability and security of a multi-purpose device that has been proven to save lives in the harshest conditions. 7.5 oz and $450. See it here.

Coordinating resupply logistics with the Garmin InReach Explorer+ satellite messenger and GPS navigation device. Root Glacier, Alaska.

FIRST AID KIT

This post describes the contents of my preferred first aid kit for ultralight trips and expeditions. 

REPAIR KIT

I have found that the most common repair is a tear in a fabric. For example, a sharp rock cuts through backpack fabric, abrasion wears through a packraft tube, a branch tears rain pants, or an ice axe that’s being used as a stake in the alpine tundra comes loose and punctures the side of the tarp. 

Here are the items I bring in an “ultralight” repair kit and an “expedition” repair kit for a trip with two people:

Ultralight Kit

1. 10 ft Tyvek tape - for repairing tears in fabrics. 
2. Two alcohol swabs - for cleaning fabrics, especially inflatable sleeping pads and packrafts, before applying Tyvek tape.
3. 20 ft. 1.2mm Dyneema cord (0.25 oz) - for replacement shoe laces, shelter guyline, backpack repairs, lashing things to a pack, etc.

Expedition Kit

Everything from the ultralight kit plus:

1. 10 more feet of Tyvek tape
2. Two more alcohol swabs 
3. Floss
4. Needles (two sizes) stored in a small rectangle of closed cell foam cut from a sleeping pad.
5. Patagonia Expedition Sewing Kit - for serious repairs to packs, shoes, boats, and thick materials. This only weighs 0.6 oz without the case.
6. Aqua Seal - versatile glue for shoes, packrafts, and for reinforcing or waterproofing sewn repairs. A large tube weighs 1.4 oz. Also available in a small tube.
7. Super glue - Unlike Aqua Seal, this glue is rigid when it dries. It’s useful for repairing hard objects like trekking pole grips and plastic parts. Rarely needed but only 0.2 oz. 

Looking at topo maps in the Gates of the National Park Ranger Station.

KNIFE - RECOMMENDED

See the first aid kit post above.

BEAR SPRAY - RECOMMENDED 

Many people have traveled thousands of miles through the arctic and subarctic wilderness without ever using bear spray. I also I know two second-degree connections who were killed by bears in the last two years. I bring bear spray just in case. Larger commercial airlines do not allow this in checked luggage. It’s often best to purchase locally. Also, I tie a 16" piece of cord around the mouth of the metal canister and add a loop with an overhand knot at the end. This cord can dangle on the outside of the pack for easy access and the loop at the end can be used to clip the bear spray to something if needed. 

ODOR-PROOF FOOD STORAGE - RECOMMENDED 

LOKSAK Opsak 

I bring one or two of these large bags to store food in at night. I place them above my head, where they help to keep my pillow (extra clothing or gear) in place. 1.5 oz each. $15 for two at REI.

WATERPROOF BAGS FOR ELECTRONICS - RECOMMENDED 

LOKSAK Aloksak

This variety pack of bags is excellent for waterproofing a phone, battery bank, camera, etc. They are even touchscreen compatible. $15 from REI.

NAVIGATION - RECOMMENDED 

GAIA GPS

This app revolutionized backcountry navigation.

PRINTED MAPS - RECOMMENDED

After planning my route in Google Earth and sending it my phone and InReach, I upload all route files to caltopo.com and print paper maps, which I store in a LOKSAK Aloksak bag. See the photo below.

STUFF SACKS - RECOMMENDED 

I have found that lightweight non-woven Dyneema stuff sacks do not stand the test of time. In my opinion, they are not worth buying. Rather, I prefer a thicker, heavier non-woven Dyneema dry bag style stuff sack for my sleeping bag. I will also bring one or two Moutain Laurel Designs Large Pro Silnylon sacks for extra clothing and food storage.

COMPASS - RECOMMENDED

Suunto M3 Global

With a compass on my watch and my phone, I rarely use a precision analog compass. On committing trips, I carry one in case my electronics die. A more compelling reason to bring a compass is it allows you to not bring any electronics. One can navigate and tell time with the sun and a compass. As far as specific product recommendations, I defer to Skurka on the M3 Global. See this post for his experience and rationale in selecting this model. 1.6 oz and $59. See it on Amazon.

SHOULDER POCKET - OPTIONAL

ZPacks Shoulder Pouch

I prefer to store my camera in a pocket that attaches to a backpack shoulder strap. Unlike competing products with zippered closures, the ZPacks model has a drawcord closure that’s easy to open with one hand. When the weather is good, I place my camera directly in the pocket. During hard rain and river crossings, I put the camera in Loksak bag before putting it in the shoulder pouch. 0.5 oz and $29.

ALTIMETER/GPS WATCH - OPTIONAL

Suunto Ambit3 Peak

If you want a watch that has an altimeter, can record a GPS track for your route, and has exceptional battery life (200 hours with a one-minute recording interval), consider the Suunto Ambit3 Peak. I bought this watch several years ago based on Andrew Skurka’s recommendation and have been most impressed. 3 oz and $285 at Amazon.

An altimeter watch and a shoulder pocket are two nice accessories.

WATER PURIFICATION - OPTIONAL

Katadyn Tablets

With some effort put into route planning, there is no need for water purification in Alaska. Many people have traveled thousands of miles without it. The only time I have purified water was floating out the lower Kobuk river, where all incoming streams drained from tundra ponds and bogs. Even after looking at the topo, it was difficult to assess water quality without getting out of the boat and climbing up the 20 ft bank. Then, we purified most of our water using Aqua Mira. Since then, I have carried four Katadyn tablets in my first aid kit just in case the only water source is suspect. 

HEADLAMP - OPTIONAL

Black Diamond Storm

A headlamp is not needed in the summer. For the other three seasons, I bring a bright light with a long-distance beam that’s capable for route finding and off-trail navigation. I have learned, through testing bike lights for OutdorGearLab, that quantitative tests are necessary to properly evaluate headlamp performance, particularly battery life. You cannot trust manufacturer claims regarding headlamp performance. Randy Spurrier, co-owner of OutdoorGearLab, has run their headlamp review since its inception. I believe that is the most credible review on their site. The Black Diamond Storm wins GearLab’s Editor’s Choice. 4 oz and $50. 

Why not use an ultralight rechargeable headlamp like the Petzl Bindi? Because a bright light is required for off-trail navigation. Wasting hours stumbling around in the dark is not worth the 2 oz weight savings. Also, a cell phone flashlight app weighs nothing and works well for occasional use.

CAMERA - OPTIONAL

Sony RX100 VI

A zoom lens is what I want most in a pocketable camera. It allows me to capture images that my phone cannot. I have owned two generations of the Sony RX100 and love it. Most of the photos shown here were taken with it. The latest version of the camera offers a 24-200mm zoom lens, which makes it, according to dpreview.com, “a spectacularly capable travel camera.” When my current camera dies, I plan to replace it with the RX100 VI. 10.7 oz and $1199. See it here.

I enjoy a pocket-sized camera with a zoom lens. 

BATTERY BANK - OPTIONAL

You’ll need to calculate your expected changing needs in order to find the best battery bank for your trips. I own two: the Anker PowerCore 5000 (4.7 oz and $20) and the Anker PowerCore 20100+ (16 oz and $70). To save a small amount of weight and space, consider a short USB charging cable.

Midnight in July in the Chugach Mountains.

THINGS THAT ARE RARELY NEEDED

Bear Canister / Ursack

An ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure. With decent campsite selection and cooking habits on a traveling trip, there is no need for a bear-resistant container to store your food in. Most experienced Alaska wilderness travelers do not bring them. Rather, a best practice is to cook dinner and then travel more before setting up camp, where you put your food in a Loksak Opsak bag (see the spreadsheet or Part 3 - Accessories for more information). The exception to this practice is basecamping. If you are doing a basecamp trip, protection for food can be essential. The Ursak Major has become the go-to choice. It is the lightest option approved by the National Park Service. Another proven option for group basecamping is a battery-powered electric fence. 

Insulated pants

Insulated pants can be really comfortable for the short amount of time we spend in camp before climbing into a sleeping bag. However, I do not recommend them for lightweight human powered trips spring through fall. Here’s why:

1. They are not comfortable in motion. Unless it’s frigid outside, windproof insulated pants are generally too warm and insufficiently air permeable for use while moving. In my experience, they are only comfortable for use in motion when it’s really cold and windy outside (e.g. below zero Fahrenheit). Above freezing, they can become a hot, sweaty, wet mess when worn under rain pants in the rain.

2. They are fragile and expensive. Synthetic insulation, especially the short-staple varieties most commonly used, are legitimately fragile. They degrade quickly with compression. Sleeping in them regularly will ensure they have a short lifespan.

3. They are heavy. The extra insulation from wearing pants in your sleeping bag weighs significantly more than adding extra insulation to your sleeping bag. For example, the ultralight $150 Nunatak Skaha Pant weighs around 7 oz. Adding another three ounces of down to a sleeping bag would be warmer and last years longer.

4. Thermal bottoms are warm enough. I find that the two thermal bottom system described in Part 1 - Clothing (one for walking, one for sleeping) is warm enough for three season trips where the emphasis is on travel. If I am still cold, I’ll drape my sleeping bag around me.

I generally wear insulated pants in the winter. Here are two photos I took when insulated pants are great.

Dan wearing down insulated pants on the world's largest non-polar icefield. 

Zeb wearing down insulated pants around 19,000 ft. in the Alaska Range

Waterproof footwear - Not recommended

Since we have no choice but to spend a lot of time walking through rivers, creeks, and wetlands, it’s best to have a shoe that drains quickly. I do not own any waterproof shoes. In the winter, I'll add vapor barrier socks or put my feet in plastic bags (a vapor bag that I already have with me from storing food). For more information, Andrew Skurka has a good summary of when waterproof footwear is beneficial. 

Frolicking on a river in December. I don't own any waterproof shoes because they are less comfortable and less versatile than normal shoes that have ventilation and drain easily. In the winter when there's not much snow, normal shoes and socks work fine. If I'm walking through deeper snow that can melt and chill my feet, I add vapor barrier socks. 

Camp/river crossing shoes - Not recommended

For safety and comfort, cross rivers in shoes or boots that securely attach to your feet. Do not use sandals or Crocs. I start each day knowing that I’ll have wet feet all day. And I rejoice when I massage them and dry them in the evening before climbing into the sleeping bag, where they become toasty warm. 

Zeb, doing a river dance in Denali National Park. I have found that trail running shoes, such as those pictured here, which drain easily are the most comfortable shoe for three-season wilderness travel. 

I found these lost objects on a 20 ft stretch of river near Anchorage, below a common ford site. Two different sandals, a paddle, and a sleeping pad. This point of this photo is to demonstrate that it's important to use shoes that fasten securely to your feet. 

Looking down several thousand feet from a ridge in the Wrangells.